• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    WIND TURBINE OPERATION METHOD, WIND TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR USE WITH A WIND TURBINE AND WIND TURBINE The achievements described in this document generally refer to wind turbines and, more particularly, to a system and method for controlling a wind turbine. The method of operation of a wind turbine is characterized by the fact that the wind turbine includes a rotor rotatably coupled to a generator positioned inside a nacelle, the rotor including one or more rotor blades coupled to a hub, said method comprising: (202) transmitting, from a first sensor to a control system, at least a first monitoring signal indicative of a first wind condition at a first distance from the wind turbine; (204) transmitting, from a second sensor to the control system, at least a second monitoring signal indicative of a second wind condition at a second distance from the wind turbine that is greater than the first distance; calculate, through the control system, a wind turbine operational command, based at least in part on the first monitoring signal and the second monitoring signal; (...).
    公开号:BR112013018853B1
    申请号:R112013018853-7
    申请日:2011-01-31
    公开日:2021-03-16
    发明作者:Xiongzhe Huang；Danian Zheng；Wei Xiong
    申请人:General Electric Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [001] The achievements described in this document generally refer to wind turbines and, more particularly, to a system and method for controlling a wind turbine. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [002] At least some well-known wind turbines include a nacelle attached to a tower. The nacelle includes a rotor assembly coupled to a generator through an axis. In known rotor assemblies, a plurality of rotor blades extend from one rotor. The rotor blades are oriented so that the passage of wind in the rotor blades rotates the rotor and rotates the shaft, thereby activating the generator to generate electricity.
    [003] During the operation of known wind turbines, the power emission generally increases with wind speed until a rated power emission is obtained. At least some known wind turbines adjust a pitch of the rotor blades in response to an increase in wind speed to maintain a constant power output. At least some known wind turbines include a return control system to monitor the wind turbine power emission and to change a step from a rotor blade step to adjust the power emission to a predefined level of power emission.
    [004] In the event of sudden turbulent gusts, wind speed, wind turbulence, and wind shear can change drastically in a relatively short time and can cause rotor imbalance. At least some known wind turbines have a time lag between the occurrence of a turbulent gust and the pitch of the rotor blades based on the operation of the return control system. As a result, the load and speed imbalances of the generator can increase significantly during such turbulent bursts, and can exceed the maximum predefined level of power emission that causes the generator to trip and the wind turbine to be stopped. In addition, the rotor blades can be subjected to stresses that cause fatigue cracking and / or failure, which can eventually cause sub-optimal performance of the wind turbine. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [005] In one aspect, a method of operating a wind turbine is provided. The wind turbine includes a rotor that is rotatably coupled to a generator that is positioned inside a nacelle. The rotor includes one or more rotor blades that are coupled to a hub. The method includes transmitting, from a first sensor to a control system, at least a first monitoring signal indicative of a first wind condition at a first distance from the wind turbine. A second sensor transmits at least a second monitoring signal that is indicative of a second wind condition at a second distance from the wind turbine that is greater than the first distance from the control system. The control system calculates a wind turbine operating command based at least in part on the first monitoring signal and the second monitoring signal. One or more wind turbine components are operated based on the calculated wind turbine operating command.
    [006] In another aspect, a wind turbine control system for use with a wind turbine is provided. The wind turbine includes a rotor that is rotatably coupled to a generator that is positioned inside a nacelle. The rotor includes one or more rotor blades that are coupled to a hub. The wind turbine control system includes a first sensor that is configured to capture a first wind condition at a first distance from the wind turbine. A second sensor is configured to capture a second wind condition at a second distance from the wind turbine that is greater than the first distance. A controller is coupled to the first sensor and the second sensor. The controller is configured to calculate a wind turbine operating command based at least in part on the first captured wind condition and the second captured wind condition.
    [007] In yet another aspect, a wind turbine is provided. The wind turbine includes a tower, a nacelle that is attached to the tower, a generator that is positioned inside the nacelle, a rotor that is attached to the generator with a rotor shaft, at least one rotor blade that is attached to the rotor, and a wind turbine control system. The wind turbine control system includes a first sensor that is configured to capture a first wind condition at a first distance from the wind turbine. A second sensor is configured to capture a second wind condition at a second distance from the wind turbine that is greater than the first distance. A controller is coupled to the first sensor and the second sensor. The controller is configured to calculate a wind turbine operating command based at least in part on the first captured wind condition and the second captured wind condition. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [008] Figure 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary wind turbine.
    [009] Figure 2 is a schematic view of the wind turbine shown in Figure 1 including an exemplary wind turbine control system.
    [010] Figure 3 is another perspective view of the wind turbine shown in Figure 1.
    [011] Figure 4 is a schematic view of an exemplary load adjustment system that can be used with the wind turbine control system shown in Figure 2.
    [012] Figure 5 is a flowchart that illustrates an example method that can be used to operate the wind turbine shown in Figure 1. DESCRIPTION OF REALIZATIONS OF THE INVENTION
    [013] The exemplifying methods and systems described in this document overcome the drawbacks of known wind turbines by providing a control system that operates the wind turbine based on a wind condition captured windward from the wind turbine. In addition, the wind turbine includes a LIDAR sensor to capture a wind condition in the two windward locations of the wind turbine. By determining the windward wind condition of the wind turbine, the control system facilitates the prevention of wind turbine excess speed caused by sudden gusts of wind that can cause damage to the wind turbine components. By avoiding excess wind turbine speed, the operating costs of the wind turbine system are facilitated to be reduced. As used herein, the term "over speed" refers to a rotational speed of a rotor shaft at which potential damage to the rotor shaft that includes damage to the turbine may occur.
    [014] Figure 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary wind turbine 10. In the exemplary embodiment, wind turbine 10 is a horizontal geometric axis wind turbine. Alternatively, the wind turbine 10 may be a vertical geometric axis wind turbine. In the exemplary embodiment, the wind turbine 10 includes a tower 12 that extends from a support surface 14, a nacelle 16 that is mounted on the tower 12, a generator 18 that is positioned inside the nacelle 16, a gear box 20 that is coupled to the generator 18, and a rotor 22 that is rotatably coupled to the gearbox 20 with a rotor shaft 24. The rotor 22 includes a rotating hub 26 and at least one rotor blade 28 that is coupled and extends out of hub 26. Alternatively, wind turbine 10 does not include gearbox 20, so that rotor 22 is coupled to generator 18 via rotor shaft 24.
    [015] In the exemplary embodiment, rotor 22 includes three rotor blades 28. In an alternative embodiment, rotor 22 includes more or less than three rotor blades 28. Rotor blades 28 are spaced around hub 26 to facilitate the rotation of the rotor 22 to allow the kinetic energy to be transferred from the saw into usable mechanical energy, and subsequently electrical energy. The rotor blades 28 are fitted to hub 26 by coupling a base portion of blade 30 to hub 26 in a plurality of load transfer regions 32. The loads induced to rotor blades 28 are transferred to hub 26 through the regions of load transfer 32. In the exemplary embodiment, each rotor blade 28 has a length ranging from about 30 meters (m) (99 feet (ft)) to about 120 m (394 ft). Alternatively, the rotor blades 28 can be of any suitable length that allows the wind turbine 10 to function as described herein. For example, other non-limiting examples of rotor blade lengths include 10 m or less, 20 m, 37 m, or a length that is greater than 120 m. As the wind strikes the rotor blades 28 in one direction 34, rotor 22 is rotated about a geometry axis of rotation 36. Rotor blades 28 are rotated and subjected to centrifugal forces, rotor blades 28 are also subjected to various forces and moments. As such, the rotor blades 28 can oscillate, deflect and / or rotate from a neutral position, i.e., an undeflected position to a deflected position. A pitch adjustment system 38 is coupled to one or more rotor blades 28 to adjust a pitch angle or blade pitch of each rotor blade 28, that is, an angle that determines a rotor blade perspective 28 with respect to to the 34th wind direction. The pitch adjustment system 38 is configured to adjust a rotor blade pitch 28 to control the oscillation, load, and / or power generated by the wind turbine 10.
    [016] In the exemplary embodiment, the wind turbine 10 includes a control system 40. The control system 40 includes a controller 42 that is coupled in communication with one or more wind condition sensors 44. Each wind condition sensor 44 is configured to capture one or more wind conditions in a windward location of wind turbine 10, and to transmit a signal indicative of the captured wind condition to controller 42. As used herein, the term “windward” refers to a distance of the wind turbine 10 oriented in the direction 34 of the wind. Wind condition sensors 44 are configured to capture wind conditions such as, for example, a wind speed, a wind direction, an intensity of wind turbulence, and / or a gust of wind storm. In the exemplary embodiment, the control system 40 is coupled in operative communication to the pitch adjustment system 38 to control a rotor blade pitch 28. The control system 40 is configured to adjust a rotor blade pitch 28 based, at least in part, in the wind condition captured downwind of the wind turbine 10. In the exemplary embodiment, the control system 40 is positioned inside the nacelle 16. Alternatively, the control system 40 can be a system distributed throughout the wind turbine 10, on the support surface 14, inside a wind station, and / or in a remote control center.
    [017] Figure 2 is a schematic view of wind turbine 10. The identical components shown in Figure 2 with the same reference numbers used in Figure 1. In the exemplary embodiment, nacelle 16 includes rotor shaft 24, gearbox 20, generator 18, and a steering mechanism 46. The steering mechanism 46 facilitates the rotation of nacelle 16 and hub 26 on the steering axis 48 (shown in Figure 1) to control the perspective of rotor blade 28 in relation to to the 34th wind direction. The rotor shaft 24 extends between the rotor 22 and the gearbox 20. The hub 26 is coupled to the rotor shaft 24 so that a rotation of the hub 26 around the axis 36 facilitates the rotation of the rotor shaft 24 around the geometry axis 36. A high-speed axis 50 is coupled between the gearbox 20 and the generator 18 so that a rotation of the rotor shaft 24 swivels the gearbox 20 which subsequently drives the drive shaft. high speed 50. The high speed axle 50 swivels generator 18 to facilitate the generation of electrical power by generator 18.
    [018] In the exemplary embodiment, control system 40 includes a plurality of sensors 52 to detect various wind turbine conditions 10. Sensors 52 may include, but are not limited to, only vibration sensors, acceleration sensors, speed sensors, rotational speed, displacement sensors, power emission sensors, torque sensors, position sensors, and / or any other sensors that capture various parameters related to wind turbine operation 10. As used in this document, the term "parameters" refers to the physical properties whose values can be used to define the wind turbine operating conditions 10, such as a temperature, a generator torque, a power emission, a component load, a rotational shaft speed, and / or a component vibration at defined locations. In the exemplary embodiment, at least one acceleration sensor 54 is coupled to the rotor shaft 24 to capture a rotational speed of the rotor shaft 24 and transmit a signal indicative of the captured rotational speed to controller 42. At least one vibration sensor 56 is coupled to one or more wind turbine components such as, for example, rotor blade 28, hub 26, rotor shaft 24, gearbox 20, and / or generator 18 to capture a structural load provided to the wind turbine components during wind turbine operation 10 and transmit a signal indicative of the captured load to the controller 42.
    [019] Generator 18 can be any suitable type of electric generator, such as, but without limitation, a coiled rotor induction generator, a double powered induction generator (DFIG, also known as double powered asynchronous generators), a permanent magnet (PM) synchronous generator, an electrically driven synchronous generator, and a switched reluctance controller. At least one power sensor 58 is coupled to the generator 18 to capture a power emission from the generator 18 and transmit a signal indicative of the captured power emission to the controller 42.
    [020] In the exemplary embodiment, generator 18 includes a stator 60 and a generator rotor 62 positioned adjacent to stator 60 to define an air gap between them. The generator rotor 62 includes a generator shaft 64 that is coupled to the high-speed shaft 50 so that the rotation of the rotor shaft 24 directs the rotation of the generator rotor 62. A torque of the rotor shaft 24, represented by the arrow 66, drives the generator rotor 62 to facilitate the generation of electric power of variable AC frequency from one rotation of the rotor shaft 24. The generator 18 provides an air gap torque between the generator rotor 62 and the stator 60 that opposes the torque 66 of the rotor shaft 24. At least one torque sensor 68 is coupled to the generator 18 to capture an air gap torque between generator rotor 62 and the stator 60 and transmit a signal indicative of the captured air gap torque to the controller 42 A power converter assembly 70 is coupled to the generator 18 to convert the variable AC frequency to a fixed AC frequency for delivery to an electrical charge 72, such as, for example, a power supply loop that is coupled to the generator 18. The set of power converter 70 is configured to adjust the air gap torque between generator rotor 62 and stator 60 by adjusting a power current and / or frequency of power distributed to stator 60 and generator rotor 62. The power converter assembly 70 can include a single frequency converter or a plurality of frequency converters that are configured to convert the electricity generated by the generator 18 to the electricity suitable for delivery in the power supply loop.
    [021] In the exemplary embodiment, the control system 40 is coupled to the power converter set 70 to adjust an air gap torque between the generator rotor 62 and the stator 60. By adjusting the air gap torque, the control system control 40 adjusts a rotational speed of the rotor shaft 24 and adjusts a magnitude of loads provided to the various wind turbine components 10, such as, for example, rotor shaft 24, rotor blade 28, gearbox 20, and / or hub 26. In the exemplary embodiment, the control system 40 transmits one or more torque commands and / or one or more power commands to the power converter set 70. The power converter set 70 generates a rotor current based on torque commands and / or power commands received from the control system 40.
    [022] In the exemplary embodiment, controller 42 is a real-time controller that includes any suitable processor-based or microprocessor-based system, such as a computer system, which includes microcontrollers, reduced instruction set (RISC) circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), logic circuits, and / or any other circuit or processor that is capable of performing the functions described in this document. In one embodiment, controller 42 may be a microprocessor that includes read-only memory (ROM) and / or random access memory (RAM), such as, for example, a 32-bit microcomputer with 2 Mbit ROM and 64 Kbit of RAM. Alternatively, controller 42 may be a connected network of microcomputer processing units (micro CPUs) in a distributed network. As used in this document, the term “in real time” refers to results occurring in a substantially short period of time after a change in inputs affects the result, the time period being a design parameter that can be selected based on the importance of the result and / or the system's ability to process the inputs to generate the result.
    [023] In the exemplary embodiment, controller 42 includes a memory area 74 that is configured to store executable instructions and / or one or more operational parameters that represent and / or indicate a wind turbine operational condition 10. The operational parameters can represent and / or indicate, without limitation, a wind speed, a wind temperature, a torque load, a power output, and / or a wind direction. Controller 42 also includes a processor 76 that is coupled to memory area 74 and is programmed to determine an operation of one or more wind turbine control devices 78, for example, the pitch adjustment system 38 and the converter assembly 70, based, at least in part, on one or more operational parameters. In one embodiment, processor 76 may include a processing unit, such as, without limitation, an integrated circuit (IC), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a microcomputer, a programmable logic controller (PLC), and / or any other programmable circuit. Alternatively, processor 76 may include multiple processing units (for example, in a multi-core configuration).
    [024] In the exemplary embodiment, controller 42 includes a sensor interface 80 which is coupled in signal communication to at least one sensor 52 such as, for example, wind condition sensor 44, acceleration sensor 54, vibration 56, power sensor 58, and torque sensor 68. Each sensor 52 generates and transmits a signal corresponding to a wind turbine operating parameter 10. In addition, each sensor 52 can transmit a signal continuously, periodically, or only once, for example, through other specific signal times are also contemplated. In addition, each sensor can transmit a signal in both an analogous and digital form. Controller 42 processes the signal (s) by processor 76 to create one or more operational parameters. In some embodiments, processor 76 is programmed (for example, with executable instructions in memory area 74) to experience a signal produced by sensor 52. For example, processor 76 can receive a continuous signal from sensor 52 and, in response, calculate a wind turbine operating parameter 10 based on the continuous signal periodically (for example, once every five seconds). In some embodiments, processor 76 normalizes a signal received from sensor 52. For example, sensor 52 can produce an analog signal with a parameter (e.g., voltage) that is directly proportional to an operational parameter value. Processor 76 can be programmed to convert the signal analogous to the operational parameter. In one embodiment, sensor interface 80 includes an analog-to-digital converter that converts an analog voltage signal generated by sensor 52 to a multi-bit digital signal usable by controller 42.
    [025] Controller 42 also includes a control interface 82 that is configured to control a control device operation 78. In some embodiments, control interface 82 is operatively coupled to one or more wind turbine control devices 78, such as, for example, the pitch adjustment system 38 and power converter assembly 70.
    [026] Various connections are available between control interface 82 and control device 78 and between sensor interface 80 and sensor 52. Such connections may include, without limitation, an electrical conductor, a serial data connection of low-level, such as Recommended Standard (RS) 232 or RS-485, a high-level serial data connection, such as Universal Serial Bus (USB) or Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 1394 (also known as FIREWIRE), a parallel data connection, such as IEEE 1284 or IEEE 488, a short-range wireless communication channel, such as BLUETOOTH, and / or a private network connection (for example, inaccessible outdoor wind turbine 10), both wired and wireless.
    [027] Figure 3 is another perspective view of the wind turbine 10. The identical components shown in Figure 3 are labeled with the same reference numbers used in Figure 2. In the exemplary embodiment, each wind condition sensor 44 includes a device detection and light range, also known as LIDAR. The LIDAR is a laser-based measuring device that is configured to scan an annular region around the wind turbine 10 to measure wind conditions based on reflection and / or a scattering of light transmitted by the aerosol LIDAR. Wind conditions are measured within a tapered angle (θ) and range (R) which are selected based at least in part on a predefined level of measurement accuracy as well as measurement sensitivity. In the exemplary embodiment, a LIDAR sensor 84 is mounted inside the cube 26 and / or an external surface of the cube 26, and is configured to measure wind conditions within a predefined portion 86 of a flat measurement field 88 which is defined by the tapered angle (θ) and range (R) to windward wind turbine 10. Alternatively, the LIDAR 84 sensor can be mounted inside nacelle 16, and / or to an external surface of nacelle 16. In the exemplary embodiment , tapered angle (θ) is measured from a axis axis 90 defined by the wind condition sensor 44. The range (R) is measured between the wind condition sensor 44 and the flat measurement field 88. The portion Measuring field 86 can be oriented with respect to predefined rotor blade sections 28 such as, for example, sections near a tip end of each rotor blade 28 that contribute to rotor blade aerodynamic torque 28. Alternatively, the co sensor wind index 44 may include a radio range detection measurement device (RADAR), a RADAR Doppler, a sonic range detection measurement device (SODAR), or any suitable measurement device that allows the wind turbine 10 function as described in this document.
    [028] In the exemplary embodiment, the control system 40 includes a first LIDAR 92 sensor and a second LIDAR 94 sensor. The first LIDAR 92 sensor and the second LIDAR 94 sensor are each coupled to hub 26 and are configured to capture a wind condition such as, for example, wind speed, a wind direction, an intensity of wind turbulence, and / or a gust of wind storm in a windward location of the wind turbine 10. On For example, the first LIDAR 92 sensor is configured to capture a wind condition at a first distance, that is, a first range (R1) and to transmit a signal indicating the wind condition captured in the first range (R1) to the controller. 42. The second LIDAR 94 sensor is configured to capture a wind condition from a second distance, that is, a second range (R2) that is greater than the first range (R1), and to transmit a signal indicating the condition of wind captured in the second range (R2) to controller 42. In addition, the first LIDAR sensor 92 captures a wind condition that is closer to the wind turbine 10 than the wind condition captured from the second LIDAR sensor 94 so that the wind captured from the first LIDAR 92 sensor more accurately reflects a wind condition in the wind turbine 10. Additionally, a flat measurement field 88 of the first LIDAR 92 sensor is closer to the wind turbine 10 than a flat measurement field 88 of the second LIDAR 94 sensor so that the first LIDAR 92 sensor includes a measurement accuracy that is greater than a measurement accuracy of the second LIDAR 94 sensor.
    [029] During the operation of the wind turbine 10, the first LIDAR sensor 92 transmits a signal indicative of a wind condition in a first field 96 defined in the first range (R1). Controller 42 calculates a first wind turbine operating command based, at least in part, on the wind condition captured within the first field 96 to facilitate the increase in a wind turbine power emission 10. In one embodiment, controller 42 calculates the first wind turbine operating command to facilitate the reduction of a load provided to wind forces wind turbine components. In the exemplary embodiment, the second LIDAR sensor 94 transmits a signal indicative of a wind condition in a second field 98 defined in the second range (R2) which is farther to windward than the first field 96. Controller 42 calculates a second command wind turbine operating mode based, at least in part, on the wind condition captured within the second field 98 to facilitate the prevention of an excess wind turbine speed 10. In the exemplary embodiment, controller 42 calculates a collective wind turbine operating command based, at least in part, on the first wind turbine drive and the second wind turbine drive.
    [030] During low wind speeds, an increase in wind speed can cause an increase in the rotational speed of rotor 22 and rotor shaft 24, which in turn increases the electrical power emission from generator 18. In some In some embodiments, the electrical power emission from generator 18 may increase with increased wind speed until a rated power emission level is reached. As the wind speed increases, the controller 42 adjusts a rotor blade pitch 28 so that a rotational speed of the rotor shaft 24 and the electrical power output of the generator 18 are kept substantially constant at power emission levels. classified. In the exemplary embodiment, control system 40 is configured to maintain and / or increase a power output from generator 18 based on signals received from the first LIDAR sensor 92. More specifically, controller 42 calculates the first wind turbine operating command based, at least in part, on the wind condition captured from the first LIDAR sensor 92 to adjust a generator power emission 18 to facilitate increased wind turbine performance 10.
    [031] During a sudden gust of wind, the wind speed can increase dramatically within a relatively short time. During such sudden bursts, the controller 42 adjusts a rotor blade pitch 28 so that a rotational speed of the rotor shaft 24 is reduced to facilitate the prevention of an over speed of the rotor shaft 24 which can increase the load on the turbine wind turbine 10 and cause damage to wind turbine components. In the exemplary embodiment, control system 40 is configured to protect wind turbine 10 based on signals received from the second LIDAR sensor 94. More specifically, controller 42 calculates the second wind turbine operating command based, at least in part , in the wind condition captured from the second LIDAR sensor 94 to reduce a rotational speed of the rotor shaft 24 to facilitate the prevention of an excess wind turbine speed 10.
    [032] Figure 4 is a schematic view of an exemplary load adjustment system 100 that can be used with control system 40 to operate wind turbine 10. In the exemplary embodiment, load adjustment system 100 includes a module performance module 102 and a protection module 104. Performance module 102 is configured to increase wind turbine performance 10 by operating wind turbine 10 to increase power output from generator 18 and / or reduce a load of wind turbine components. The protection module 104 is configured to operate the wind turbine 10 to reduce a rotational speed of the rotor shaft 24 to facilitate preventing an over speed of the wind turbine 10.
    [033] Performance module 102 is configured to use a wind condition captured within the first field 96 of the first LIDAR sensor 92 to generate a wind turbine operating command that is configured to increase a generator 18 and / or reduce load to wind turbine components. In the exemplary embodiment, the performance module 102 receives signals from the acceleration sensor 54, vibration sensor 56, power sensor 58, and / or torque sensor 68, and calculates a generator speed based, at least in part, on the received signals. In addition, the performance module 102 receives signals indicative of an operational step command (pO) from the step adjustment system 38, and receives a signal indicative of an operational generator torque command (tO) from the power converter assembly 70 Performance module 102 also receives a signal indicative of a wind condition in the first range (R1) to windward wind turbine 10 from the first LIDAR 92 sensor, and calculates a generator speed based, at least in part, on the captured wind condition.
    [034] In the exemplary embodiment, performance module 102 determines a generator speed error (eg) between a predefined generator speed and the calculated generator speed, and calculates a generator setting (g1) to generate an operational command of wind turbine indicative of a required change in blade pitch angle and / or torque of air space to reduce the error (eg) between the predefined generator speed and the calculated generator speed. Alternatively, performance module 102 calculates a component load based on the captured wind condition and determines a load error (eL) between a predefined component load and the calculated component load. Performance module 102 calculates a load setting (g2) to generate a wind turbine operating command indicative of a required change in blade pitch angle and / or air space torque to reduce the error (eL).
    [035] In the exemplary embodiment, a first step command generator 106 calculates a first step command (p1) based on the calculated generator setting (g1), and transmits a signal indicative of the first step command (p1) to a step control module 108. Similarly, a first generator torque command generator 110 generates a first torque command (t1) based on the calculated generator setting (g1), and transmits a signal indicative of the first control command. generator torque (t1) to a generator torque control module 112.
    [036] In the exemplary embodiment, the protection module 104 is configured to use a wind condition captured within the second field 98 of the second LIDAR sensor 94 to generate a wind turbine operational command that is configured to reduce a rotational axis speed of rotor 24 and / or generator 18 to facilitate the prevention of an over speed of wind turbine 10. The protection module 104 receives a signal indicating a wind condition in the second range (R2) to windward wind turbine 10 from the second sensor of LIDAR 94, and calculates a rotor axis speed and / or a generator speed based, at least in part, on the captured wind condition. Protection module 104 calculates a protection setting (gP) to generate a wind turbine operating command indicative of a required change in blade pitch angle and / or air gap torque to reduce rotational speed of rotor shaft 24 and / or reducing a rotational speed of generator 18 in advance of a sudden change in wind speed. A second step command generator 114 calculates a second step command (p2) based on the calculated protection setting (gP), and transmits a signal indicative of the second step command (p2) to the step command module 108. One second generator torque command generator 116 generates a second torque command (t2) based on the calculated protection setting (gP), and transmits an indicative signal on the second generator torque command (t2) to the torque command module of generator 112.
    [037] In the example, the first step command (p1) and the second step command (p2) are added to the step command module 108 to generate a collective step command (pC). The step control module 108 transmits the collective step command (pC) to the step adjustment system 38 to adjust a rotor blade step 28 based on the collective step command (pC). In one embodiment, step control module 108 applies one or more weight factors (factor α, β, and n-) to each first step command (p1) and second step command (p2) to generate step command collective (pC). The generator torque command module 112 calculates a collective generator torque command (tC) based on a sum of the first torque command (t1) and the second torque command (t2), and transmits the generator torque command collective (tC) to the power converter assembly 70 to adjust a generator air gap torque 18 based on the collective generator torque command (tC). In one embodiment, the generator torque command module 112 applies one or more weight factors (factor α, β, and n-) to the first torque command (t1) and the second torque command (t2) to generate the collective generator torque command (tC).
    [038] During wind turbine operation 10, controller 42 receives signals that are indicative of a first wind condition in the first range (R1) from the first LIDAR sensor 92 and receives signals that are indicative of 94 from the second LIDAR sensor of a second wind condition in the second range (R2) which is further away from the wind turbine 10 than the first range (R1). Controller 42 is configured to calculate a wind turbine operating command based at least in part on the first captured wind condition and the second captured wind condition. Controller 42 is also configured to calculate a blade pitch command based, at least in part, on the first captured wind condition and the second captured wind condition, and to operate the pitch adjustment system 38 to adjust the pitch. of rotor blade 28 based on the calculated blade pitch command.
    [039] In one embodiment, controller 42 is configured to calculate a first blade pitch command signal based, at least in part, on the first captured wind condition to facilitate increased wind turbine performance 10. O controller 42 is also configured to calculate a second blade pitch command signal based, at least in part, on the second captured wind condition to facilitate preventing an excess wind turbine speed 10. In this embodiment, controller 42 is configured to calculate a collective blade pitch command based, at least in part, on the first calculated blade pitch command and the second calculated blade pitch command, and to operate the 38 pitch adjustment system to adjust the pitch of rotor blade 28 based on the calculated collective blade pitch command. In an alternative embodiment, controller 42 calculates the second blade wind turbine operating command signal when the second captured wind condition is different from a predetermined wind condition.
    [040] In the exemplary embodiment, controller 42 is configured to generate a pitch command signal for each rotor blade 28. In one embodiment, controller 42 is configured to generate the same pitch command signal for each rotor blade. 28. Alternatively, controller 42 is configured to generate a different pitch command signal for each rotor blade 28. In the exemplary embodiment, control system 40 is configured to adjust a pitch of each rotor blade 28 on the same time and to adjust one pitch of each rotor blade 28 over a different time period.
    [041] In the exemplary embodiment, controller 42 is configured to calculate a generator torque command based at least in part on the first captured wind condition and the second captured wind condition. Controller 42 is also configured to operate generator 18 to adjust an air gap torque of generator 18 based on the calculated generator torque command. In one embodiment, controller 42 is configured to calculate a first generator torque command signal based at least in part on the first captured wind condition, and to calculate a second generator torque command signal based on at least part in the second captured wind condition. In this embodiment, controller 42 is also configured to calculate a collective generator torque command based at least in part on the first calculated blade step command and the second calculated blade step command, and to operate generator 18 to adjust a touch of air space from generator 18 based on the calculated collective generator torque command.
    [042] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method 200 of operating the wind turbine 10. In the exemplary embodiment, method 200 includes transmitting 202, from the first LIDAR sensor 92 to controller 42, at least one first monitoring signal indicative of a first wind condition in the first range (R1) to windward of the wind turbine 10. At least a second monitoring signal indicative of a second wind condition in the second range (R2) is transmitted 204, by the second LIDAR sensor to the controller 42. Controller 42 operates 206 one or more wind turbine components based on the first monitor signal and the second monitor signal. In one embodiment, controller 42 calculates 208 a first wind turbine operating command based, at least in part, on the first monitoring signal to facilitate increased wind turbine performance 10, and calculates 210 a second wind turbine operating command wind turbine based, at least in part, on the second monitoring signal to facilitate override an excess wind turbine speed 10. Controller 42 also calculates 212 a collective operating command based, at least in part, on the first turbine operating command calculated wind power and the calculated second wind turbine operating command. Controller 42 also operates 214 one or more wind turbine components based on the calculated collective wind turbine operating command.
    [043] In an alternative embodiment, controller 42 calculates a first blade pitch command signal based, at least in part, on the first captured wind condition, and calculates a second blade pitch command signal based, at least in part, in the second captured wind condition. Controller 42 calculates a collective blade pitch command based, at least in part, on the first calculated blade pitch command and the second calculated blade pitch command, and operates the pitch adjustment system 38 to adjust a pitch of rotor blade 28 based on the calculated collective blade pitch command.
    [044] In another alternative embodiment, controller 42 calculates a first generator torque command signal based on the first captured wind condition, and calculates a second generator torque command signal based on the second captured wind condition. Controller 42 also calculates a collective generator torque command based on the first calculated generator torque command and the second calculated generator torque command, and operates generator 18 to adjust an air gap torque based on the control command. calculated collective generator torque.
    [045] An effect of the technique exemplifying the method, system, and apparatus described in this document includes at least one of: (a) transmitting, from a first sensor to a control system, at least a first monitoring signal indicative of a first wind condition at a first distance from the wind turbine in the direction of the wind; (b) transmitting, from a second sensor to the control system, at least a second monitoring signal indicative of a second wind condition at a second distance from the wind turbine in the direction of the wind that is greater than the first distance; (c) calculate, through the control system, a wind turbine operational command based at least in part on the first monitoring signal and the second monitoring signal; and (d) operate one or more wind turbine components based on the calculated wind turbine operating command.
    [046] The method, system and apparatus described above facilitate the adjustment of a pitch of a rotor blade based on a wind condition captured downwind of the wind turbine. In addition, the achievements described in this document facilitate the calculation of a pitch adjustment based, at least in part, on a wind condition captured in two windward locations of the wind turbine to avoid an excess wind turbine speed. Calculating the pitch angle based on the wind condition captured downwind of the wind turbine, the method, system and apparatus described above overcome the problem of known wind turbines that are based on wind speed that are adversely affected by the rotor rotation . As such, the achievements described in this document facilitate the improvement of wind turbine operation to increase the annual energy production of the wind turbine.
    [047] The exemplary achievements of a method, system, and apparatus for controlling a wind turbine are described above in detail. The systems and methods are not limited to the specific achievements described in this document, but preferably, the system components and / or method steps can be used independently and separately from the other components and / or steps described in this document. For example, the methods can also be used in combination with other spinning systems, and are not limited to practice only with the wind turbine system as described in this document. Preferably, the exemplary embodiment can be deployed and used in connection with many other turning system applications.
    [048] Despite the fact that the specific features of various embodiments of the invention can be shown in some drawings and not in others, this is for convenience purposes only. According to the principles of the invention, any feature of a design can be referenced and / or claimed in combination with any feature of any other design.
    [049] This written description uses examples to reveal the invention, including the best mode, and also to allow anyone skilled in the art to put the invention into practice, including creating and using any devices or systems and carrying out any built-in methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with non-substantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    1. METHOD OF OPERATING A WIND TURBINE, wind turbine (10) including a rotor (22) rotatably coupled to a generator (18) positioned inside a nacelle (16), the rotor (22) including a or more rotor blades (28) coupled to a hub (26), the method being characterized by comprising: transmitting (202), from a first sensor to a control system, at least a first monitoring signal indicative of a first wind condition at a first distance from the wind turbine; transmitting (204), from a second sensor to the control system, at least a second monitoring signal indicative of a second wind condition at a second distance from the wind turbine which is greater than the first distance; calculate (208), through the control system, a wind turbine operational command, based at least in part on the first monitoring signal and the second monitoring signal; and, operating (214) one or more wind turbine components based on the calculated wind turbine operating command, calculating (208) a first wind turbine operating command based at least in part on the first monitoring signal to facilitate the increase of a wind turbine performance; calculating (210) a second wind turbine operating command based at least in part on the second monitoring signal to facilitate the reduction of an excess wind turbine speed; and, calculating (212) a collective operating command based at least in part on the first calculated wind turbine operating command and the second calculated wind turbine operating command.
    [0002]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises calculating the second wind turbine operating command signal when the second wind condition is different from a predefined wind condition.
    [0003]
    METHOD, according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises capturing a first wind condition and a second wind condition with one or more light detection and range devices (LIDAR).
    [0004]
    4. METHOD according to claim 1, characterized in that the wind condition includes one of a wind speed, a wind direction, an intensity of wind turbulence and a gust of wind.
    [0005]
    5. METHOD, according to claim 1, characterized in that the wind turbine includes a pitch control system coupled to at least one rotor blade, said method additionally comprising: calculating a first blade pitch command based on the less in part at the first monitoring signal; calculate a second blade pitch command based at least in part on the second monitoring signal; calculating a collective blade pitch command based at least in part on the first calculated blade pitch command and the second calculated blade pitch command; and, operate the pitch control system to adjust the rotor blade pitch based on the calculated collective blade pitch command.
    [0006]
    6. METHOD, according to claim 1, characterized by additionally comprising: calculating a first generator torque command based at least in part on the first monitoring signal; calculate a second generator torque command based at least in part on the second monitoring signal; calculate a collective generator torque command based at least in part on the first calculated generator torque command and the second calculated generator torque command; and, operate the generator to adjust a generator air gap torque based on the calculated collective generator torque command.
    [0007]
    7. WIND TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR USE WITH A WIND TURBINE, the wind turbine (10) including a rotor (22) rotatable coupled to a generator (18) positioned inside a nacelle (16), in which the rotor (22) includes one or more rotor blades (28) coupled to a hub (26), the wind turbine control system being characterized by comprising: a first sensor (44, 92) configured to capture a first wind condition at a first distance (R1) from the wind turbine; a second sensor (44, 94) configured to capture a second wind condition at a second distance (R2) from the wind turbine that is greater than the first distance (R1); and, a controller (42) coupled to said first sensor (44, 92) and said second sensor (44, 94), said controller (42) being configured to calculate a wind turbine operational command (10) with base at least in part on the first captured wind condition and on the second captured wind condition, the controller (42) being additionally configured to: calculate a first wind turbine operating command based at least in part on the first monitoring signal to facilitate the increase in wind turbine performance; calculate a second wind turbine operating command based at least in part on the second monitoring signal to facilitate the reduction of an excess wind turbine speed; and, calculating a collective operating command based at least in part on the first calculated wind turbine operating command and the second calculated wind turbine operating command.
    [0008]
    8. WIND TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEM, according to claim 7, characterized in that the wind turbine (10) includes a pitch control system (38) coupled to at least one rotor blade (28), the said controller being (42) is coupled to said pitch control system (38) and configured to: calculate a blade pitch command (28) based at least in part on the first captured wind condition and the second captured wind condition; and, adjust the rotor blade pitch (28) based on the calculated blade pitch command.
    [0009]
    9. WIND TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEM, according to claim 8, characterized in that the controller (42) is additionally configured to: calculate a first blade pitch command (28) based at least in part on the first captured wind condition ; calculating a second blade pitch command (28) based at least in part on the second captured wind condition; and, calculating a collective blade pitch command based at least in part on the first calculated blade pitch command (28) and the second calculated blade pitch command (28).
    [0010]
    10. WIND TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEM, according to claim 7, characterized in that the controller (42) is coupled to the generator (18) and is configured to: calculate a generator torque command (18) based at least in part in the first captured wind condition and in the second captured wind condition; and, adjust a generator air gap torque (18) based on the calculated generator torque command.
    [0011]
    11. WIND TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEM, according to claim 10, characterized in that the controller (42) is additionally configured to: calculate a first generator torque command (18) based at least in part on the first captured wind condition ; calculate a second generator torque command (18) based at least in part on the second captured wind condition; and, calculating a collective generator torque command based at least in part on the first calculated blade step command (28) and the second calculated blade step command (28).
    [0012]
    12. WIND TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEM, according to claim 7, characterized in that each one of the first sensor (44, 92) and the second sensor (44, 94) comprises at least one of the detection and range device light (LIDAR), a radio range and detection device (RADAR) and a sonic range and detection device (RADAR).
    [0013]
    13. WIND TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEM, according to claim 7, characterized in that the wind condition includes at least one of a wind speed, a wind direction, a wind turbulence intensity and a gust of wind.
    [0014]
    14. WIND TURBINE SYSTEM (10), comprising: a tower (12); a nacelle (16) coupled to the tower (12); a generator (18) positioned inside the nacelle (16); a rotor (22) coupled to the generator (18) with a rotor shaft (24); at least one rotor blade (28) coupled to the rotor (22); and, a wind turbine control system (40), the system (10) being characterized by the wind turbine control system (40) comprising: a first sensor (44, 92) configured to capture a first wind condition at a first distance (R1) from the wind turbine (10); a second sensor (44, 94) configured to capture a second wind condition at a second distance (R2) from the wind turbine that is greater than the first distance (R1); and, a controller coupled (42) to the first sensor (44, 92) and the second sensor (44, 94), the controller (42) being configured to calculate a wind turbine operating command (10) based on at least partly in the first captured wind condition and in the second captured wind condition, the controller (42) being additionally configured to: calculate a first wind turbine operating command based at least in part on the first monitoring signal to facilitate the increase of a wind turbine performance; calculate a second wind turbine operating command based at least in part on the second monitoring signal to facilitate the reduction of an excess wind turbine speed; and, calculating a collective operating command based at least in part on the first calculated wind turbine operating command and the second calculated wind turbine operating command.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20130297085A1|2013-11-07|
    CN203685475U|2014-07-02|
    BR112013018853A2|2016-10-04|
    EP2670979A1|2013-12-11|
    US9638171B2|2017-05-02|
    WO2012103668A1|2012-08-09|
    EP2670979A4|2017-06-21|
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-03| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-01-05| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-03-16| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 10 (DEZ) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 16/03/2021, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/CN2011/000173|WO2012103668A1|2011-01-31|2011-01-31|System and methods for controlling wind turbine|
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